Present Isaac Izrailevich - Lysenko’s right hand. Present, Isaac Izrailevich - Lysenko’s right hand See what “Prezent, Isay Izrailevich” is in other dictionaries

Place of Birth: Toropets town, Pskov province.

Activities: biology

Present Isaac Izrailevich (1902, Toropets, Pskov province - 1969, Moscow) -
biologist,
Academician of VASKhNIL (1948)

Isaac Izrailevich Present was born on September 15 (27), 1902 in the city of Toropets, Pskov province (now Tver region). His father had a trade in a village at the Western Dvina station in Toropetsk district. Isaac Present graduated from school in 1919 in the town of Dukhovshchina, Smolensk province. Before graduating from school, he took part in the organization of the “Communist cell of students at the district committee of the RCP (b)” and was the chairman of this cell. After finishing school he returned to the station. Western Dvina, taught at the railway school, participated in the creation of the local Komsomol organization. In 1921 I.I. Present was accepted as a party member, elected executive secretary of the district Komsomol Committee, in the same year he was elected a member of the Komsomol provincial committee and moved to Pskov. In 1922, the provincial party committee sent him to study at Leningrad State University. Studying at the University of I.I. He interrupted the presentation; in 1923, due to party mobilization, he took part in the Civil War, first as a “political fighter”, then as an instructor in the political department. In 1926, he graduated from the three-year Faculty of Social Sciences at Leningrad University, where natural disciplines were not taught. Nevertheless, Present decided to choose biology as the field of his philosophical activity.

After graduating from the university, I.I. Present worked as an assistant at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen, then as a private assistant professor at Leningrad State University, where he taught a special course and seminar “Dialectics of Nature and Evolutionary Doctrine”, delivering this course for the first time at the university. Since 1925 I.I. The present participates in the work of the natural science section of the Scientific Society of Marxists (NOM), created in 1919. In 1929, the CPSU (b) NOM faction made a proposal to liquidate the NOM in connection with the existence of a similar Marxist organization in Leningrad and transfer its property to the Comacademy, which was done in 1930.

I.I. Present and I.A. Weisberg was entrusted with leading a group to develop problems in biology. Soon he headed the biology sector in the natural science section of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Academy (LOCA) of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, transformed on May 19, 1931 into the Institute of Natural Science.

In 1931, Isaac Izrailevich was appointed head of the department of dialectics of nature and evolutionary teaching at Leningrad State University, which he organized. At the same time, he worked as a senior researcher at the Institute of Natural Sciences LOKA and was elected chairman of the Society of Marxist Biologists (SBM). At the same time, he became a research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy. Present saw his task as “constructing the internal logic of the biological process” and analyzing “the logical structure of various biological theories.”

Present's biological views changed in the very early 1930s. Back in 1930, at the All-Union Congress of Biologists, he gave a report on the harmony between Marxism and Morganism, which was published in the same year in the journal Nature. In 1931, at the first meeting of the Biological Sector, I.I. The presenter has already said: “... The October revolution in terms of shaking up theoretical principles is just beginning... It is necessary to do the rough work of collecting material in order to imagine all the reactionary trends. Everyone needs to be criticized. Rough review and collection of material should be carried out widely and en masse in all institutions.” In 1932, during his research work, he met T.D. Lysenko. On February 11, 1932, at a meeting of the OBM activists in the presence of Lysenko, the methodological guidelines of his work were discussed. In the MBP work plan for 1932, drawn up on March 23, a team appears to develop “methodological foundations for the problem of managing the physiology of plant development (vernalization)” and joint work is planned. Meeting I.I. The partnership with the All-Union Selection and Genetics Institute begins back in 1932. In a memo to the directorate of the Institute of Natural Sciences LOKA, justifying a trip with a group of graduate students and employees of the Biosector to Odessa to the Genetic Breeding Institute, to the Askania-Nova Nature Reserve and to the breeder I.V. Michurin, I.I. The presentation states the goal - to master the experimental method of transforming organisms and to prepare a collection on this topic.

In the summer of 1932, the liquidation of Marxist organizations and societies that arose during the “cultural revolution” began. The Natural Science Association of the Academy was liquidated, and its institutions were transferred to other departments. The societies belonging to the Association were also dissolved. By the time Present returned from his trip to Lysenko in July 1932, at a joint meeting of the Presidium and the Secretariat of LOCA, the decision was announced to liquidate the Institute of Natural Sciences and to remove the word “Marxists” from the name of the OBM in order to make it more accessible to biologists. In fact, the OBM ceased to exist. In 1934 I.I. The present was fired from the university, and he went to Lysenko in Odessa.

In 1935–1941 – I.I. Present – Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Vernalization”. From 1935 to 1938, he participated in the work of the All-Union Selection and Genetics Institute (Odessa) as a scientific consultant.

Union T.D. Lysenko and I.I. Presenta contributed to the formation of methods for intensifying the political struggle to eliminate scientific opponents, which the Lysenkoites used for many years. I.I. The presentation helped T.D. Lysenko in increasing the level of training in theoretical issues of biology. “I often read Darwin, Timiryazev, Michurin,” said T.D. Lysenko at the congress of collective farmers-shock workers, “An employee of our laboratory, Prezent, helped me with this.”

I.I. Present in his autobiography writes that during the period of work at the Odessa Institute, he participated in resolving the main problems on which the Institute worked (the theory of stage development and selection, Darwinian foundations of seed production, planned restructuring of the stage nature of plants, etc.).

In 1936 I.I. The present received a doctorate in biological sciences.

Since 1939 I.I. The present begins work as a scientific consultant to the President of VASKhNIL (T.D. Lysenko) on philosophical issues. At the beginning of the Patriotic War I.P. The present went to Leningrad as an authorized representative of the President to provide assistance and leadership to a group of research institutes of the Agricultural Academy. He took part in organizing work to preserve the world collection of plants and in other work that was carried out by institutes under blockade conditions, as well as in organizing the transfer to the “Mainland” of the most valuable part of the seed collection samples. In 1942 he returned to Moscow and continued to work as an authorized representative of the President of VASKhNIL.

In 1943 I.I. The presenter received an invitation to head the Department of Darwinism and History of Biology at Leningrad State University.

In 1948, by decision of the Council of Ministers I.I. The presenter was awarded the title of full member - academician of VASKhNIL.

The main topics of his scientific activity I.I. The presentation was designated as follows: “Development of the Darwinian foundations of the theoretical heritage of I.V. Michurina; participation in the development of the theoretical foundations of the stage development of plants, in relation to breeding and genetics; justification of “Developmental Biology” as an independent scientific discipline; a critical revision of the theoretical foundations and factual basis of the Mendelian-Morganist genetic system."

In 1951, shortly after the “devastating” session of the VASKhNIL in 1948, biologists, unable to criticize T.D. Lysenko, focused criticism on I.I. Presentation. As a result of this, in November 1951, Prezent was relieved of his position as professor and head of the Darwinism Department at Leningrad State University, “as he could not cope.” A year later, the rector's order was canceled, and Present was reinstated as head of the department of Darwinism. From 1948 to 1950 I.I. The presenter was the dean and head of the Department of Darwinism at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University.

In 1952, the Leningrad Regional Committee expelled I.I. Present from the party, expressing no confidence in him. In the spring of 1953, with the support of N.S. Khrushchev, who sympathized with T.D. Lysenko, I.I. The present was restored to the CPSU.

In 1951–1955 – senior researcher at VASKhNIL.

In 1956–1965 – senior researcher at the research base of the USSR Academy of Sciences “Gorki Leninskie”.

I.I. The present was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1943).

Biography

He graduated from Leningrad State University in 1926 (according to some sources, the department of law, according to others, the department of biology).

Activity

At a time when I. Prezent was the dean of the biology faculties of Moscow and Leningrad universities at the same time, it was he who initiated the holding of the first school biological Olympiad of Moscow State University in 1951.

I. Presentation in the memoirs of contemporaries

I.G. Yes, Isaiah Present. Everyone was afraid of him.
A.D. Well, not everyone was afraid. Nasty guy. But they still kicked him out of the university. True, through a mean trick, in his spirit. They used one of his texts, where it contradicts the point of view of Stalin. They told him: “Either you leave, or we will publish it.” And then, when the thaw came, Present returned. There was an order from the ministry to restore him, removing Zavadsky from the head of the Darwinism department. I did not carry out this order, I spoke about it at the party activist, and they began to applaud me.
I.G. How did you manage to do this?
A.D. They say that in those days nothing could be done contrary to instructions from above. Generally speaking, the fact is that it is the meanest people, the lackeys, who are most outraged by the past. The footman hates the master and that’s all. Khrushchev was at that party activist. In his final speech he shouted to me: “How is it that the rector does not follow orders? For this they are expelled from the party, removed from work, and in wartime they are shot.” He shouted and that was the end of it. The present was confident that it would be restored. I did not allow him to enter the University. There was no need to be too afraid.

Main works

Notes

Literature

Present Isaac Izrailevich (fund 1593) // Archive of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Review of archival materials. T. VIII. / Proceedings of the Archive. Vol. 28. Under. ed. B.V. Levshina and N.Ya. Moskovchenko. - L.: “Science”, 1986. - P. 83.

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See what “Present, Isai Izrailevich” is in other dictionaries:

Isaac Izrailevich Present 200px I.I. Presentation in the early 1960s. Date of birth: September 15 (27), 1902 (1902 09 27) Place of birth: Toropets, Tver province, Russian Empire ... Wikipedia

Isaac (Isai) Izrailevich Present (September 15 (27), 1902, Toropets January 6, 1969, Moscow) Soviet scientist and teacher, author of works on Marxist methodology of science. Doctor of Biological Sciences (1930), academician of VASKhNIL (1948). With his name... ... Wikipedia

PRESENT ISAI (ISAAC) ISRAILEVICH- Years of life 09/15/1902–01/06/1969 Born in the city of Toropets, Tver province. Graduated from Leningrad State University (LSU) in 1926. Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor (1930), academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1948). Worked as a teacher at the Regional... ... Biographical encyclopedia of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Prezent, Isaac Izrailevich Isaac Izrailevich Prezent Date of birth: September 15 (27), 1902 (1902 09 27) Place of birth: Toropets, Tver province, Russian Empire Date of death: January 6, 1969 ... Wikipedia

27 September 1902 - 06 January 1969

Soviet scientist and teacher, author of works on Marxist methodology of science

In the history of science, the name of I. I. Present is associated with the history of Lysenkoism.

Biography

After finishing school, he taught at a railway school. 1921 - executive secretary of the district committee of the RKSM, head. political education department of the provincial committee of the RKSM in Pskov.

He graduated from Leningrad State University in 1926 (according to some sources, the department of law, according to others, the department of biology).

Since 1925, I. I. Prezent has been participating in the work of the natural science section of the Scientific Society of Marxists (NOM), created in 1919. He worked at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing, taught at Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after. A. I. Herzen.

Since 1930 - head of the department of dialectics of nature and evolutionary doctrine of Leningrad State University. He held the position of scientific consultant to the President of VASKhNIL on philosophical issues. In 1935-1941 - deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine "Vernalization". In the period from 1935 to 1938, he was a scientific consultant at the All-Union Selection and Genetics Institute.

In 1934 he began to collaborate with T.D. Lysenko and from 1938 became his closest collaborator and ideologist of the “Michurintsy”.

In 1943-1951 - professor at Leningrad State University; in 1948-1951 - head of the department and dean of the Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences of Moscow State University; in 1951-1955 - senior researcher at VASKhNIL.

In 1951, shortly after the “devastating” session of the VASKhNIL in 1948, biologists, unable to criticize Lysenko, focused their criticism on Present. As a result of this, in November 1951, Prezent was relieved of his position as professor and head of the department of Darwinism (at the same time at Moscow State University and Leningrad State University), and was also expelled from the party. However, in the spring of 1953, with the support of Khrushchev, who sympathized with Lysenko, Prezent was restored to the CPSU.

In 1956-1965 - senior researcher at the Lenin Hills research base of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1943).

Activity

I. Presentation in the memoirs of contemporaries

“Like anyone else, Present was able to give any discussion the character of an intensified class struggle, be it a discussion of teaching methods or consideration of environmental issues. At the first meeting of the Biological Section of LOCA, he said: “The October revolution in terms of shaking up theoretical principles is just beginning... We need to take everyone for criticism. Rough review and collection of material should be carried out widely and en masse in all institutions."
“He demanded from scientists a reference to party documents, declaring that there are no scientific schools in biology, there are only party and anti-party schools. The activities of the Present clearly reflected new trends in the dialectization of biology - the destruction of traditional scientific schools. The image of a “dwarf male” depicted in modern literature does not correspond much to reality. The brilliant talent of an orator and polemicist, an active position, courage bordering on adventurism, stories about the “heroic revolutionary past,” concern for others, success with women, etc. - all this attracted many people to the Present” (ibid.).
“The official philosopher of VASKHNIL became the well-known Isaiah Present, a confusion and talker, more than once beaten for leftist phrases and deeds... While the Lysenkoites continued to shamelessly shout that Lysenko is a “lamp of truth,” agronomists said among themselves that agricultural science "I've gone bald."
From an interview with D.T. n. I. G. Abramson (I. G.) from Academician A. D. Alexandrov (A. D.), who in past years headed Leningrad and then Novosibirsk universities:

Russia (USSR)

Soviet lawyer (by education), speaker, ideologist of works T.D. Lysenko.

He went down in history as an assistant and political ideologist of the work T.D. Lysenko, with whom he began collaborating in 1932.

“One of the most active fighters against Lysenkoism, awarded the Order of Lenin for this fight, Doctor of Biological Sciences A.A. Malinovsky writes the following: “U Presenta there was a passion to promote oneself to a prominent place and gain influence. Being a teacher of philosophy, a “methodologist,” he understood very well what was especially necessary for today’s needs: the rise of agriculture, which was in complete decline. Therefore, he looked for people close to agricultural science. There is much evidence that Prezent first offered his services N.I. Vavilov, but he rejected his proposal.”
In the early 30s. The present met with T.D. Lysenko and placed his bet on it. It is known that N.I. Lysenko first “noticed” Vavilov, who saw his interest in agriculture, his energy, which is why he considered it possible, despite Lysenko’s low general culture, to contribute to his nomination. Present had completely different plans.
At that time, Present joyfully told his acquaintances that “he had found a guy with whom he could do great things” - it was Lysenko. The presentation certainly charmed and captivated Lysenko with his erudition, quoting Darwin, explaining how harmful reactionary “bourgeois” scientists are: Vavilov, Koltsov, Serebrovsky, Navashin and etc.
Lysenko retained his admiration and admiration for the Present for many years. Participants in the second discussion in 1939 may remember an episode that clearly characterizes Lysenko’s attitude towards the Present. A.A. Malinovsky recalls: “At this discussion, an order was clearly given from above - to separate the “advanced scientist” Lysenko from Present, whom even the official philosophers of that time considered an unscrupulous scoundrel. But Lysenko held on to Present so much that even pressure “from above” did not help, and Lysenko himself, already close Stalin, was untouchable. At this discussion, one of the geneticists reproached Lysenko for some ridiculous statement. Lysenko asked: “Who said that? Me or the Present? - "You!" “Well, it could be,” Lysenko replied, “Present is a hundred times smarter than me.” Lysenko’s exclamation was so direct that no one doubted his sincerity, especially since it was clear to everyone how frantically Lysenko clings to the Present, afraid of losing him.”

Muzrukova E.B., Chesnova L.V., Soviet biology in the 30-40s: crisis under the conditions of a totalitarian system, in Collection: Repressed Science / Ed. M.G. Yaroshevsky, Issue II, St. Petersburg, “Science”, 1994, p. 53.

1936 I.I. Gift without defending a dissertation, he became a Doctor of Biological Sciences.

After the war: " Isai Izrailevich Present- the main ideologist of the illiterate Lysenko. Present is a brilliant person. How beautifully and passionately he speaks. How sharp and in keeping with the style of the meeting, how rude and demagogic his speech. (Does the reader remember the meaning of the Greek word “demagogy”? “Demagogue” is the leader of the people!) How shameless and petty he is! How he was, intoxicated with himself, careless. He repeated part of the text he had inserted earlier into Lysenko’s report. He said: " When we, when the whole country shed blood on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, these fly-catchers...” He was unable to come to an agreement. Like a tiger, from the first row he rushed to the podium Rapoport- a fearless intelligence officer, he knew what it was to “take the tongue.” There was no present in the war - he was too valuable to fight - they could kill him there... Rapoport was at the front throughout the war. With a black bandage over his eye, which had been knocked out by a bullet, he was scary. Rapoport grabbed Prezent by the throat and, squeezing this throat, asked fiercely: “Was it you, you bastard, who shed blood?..” The almost strangled Prezent could not answer.”

Shnol S.E., Heroes, villains, conformists of Russian science, M., Kron-press, 2001, p. 469-470.

In 1956-1965 I.I. Gift worked as a researcher at the Lenin Hills research base of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

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In 1934, among Lysenko’s closest associates, a new employee appeared, who immediately eclipsed all other associates of the Ukrainian academician with his personality - Isai Present (according to the documents, he was listed as Isaac, but from the time of his life in Leningrad, Isai stuck to him, and it remained so). And in the works of Soviet biologists and many Western specialists one can read that it was Prezent who provided Lysenko with Marxist phraseology, and transferred his supposedly purely agronomic conversations into the plane of ideological struggle (4_12). I hope that everything written in the previous chapters frees me from the need to refute this point of view. But one cannot help but admit that the Present really gave this side of Lysenko’s activity a devilish shine.

Isaac Izrailevich Present was born in 1902, graduated in 1926 from the three-year Faculty of Social Sciences of Leningrad State University (Bubnov Leningrad University) (4_13). According to some information, before entering the University, Present visited Germany (1923?), and before that he visited Iran.

He allegedly published a book about one of the sectarian religious movements that arose in the countries of the Middle East in the 19th century - Baha'iism (named after its founder Mirza Hussein Ali Beha'ullah - according to Baha'iism, in particular, science should be united with religion (4_14).

After graduating from the university I.I. The gift was noticed by N.I. Vavilov and accepted into VIR. But a year later, Present leaves from there (4_14), taking away the hostility towards Vavilov that he retained throughout his life. The present receives a place as a specialist in the field of dialectical materialism. In 1930, he was mentioned among the leaders of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Academy (4_15), and in the same year he became chairman of the Leningrad Society of Material Biologists.

In 1931, he headed the department with the strange name “Department of Dialectics of Nature and Evolutionary Doctrine” of Leningrad State University, while remaining at the same time an associate professor at the Pedagogical Institute and a 1st category researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Leningrad Branch of the Comacademy (4_16).

Peru Presenta by this time owned several printed works (4_17). He could have continued to work calmly in Leningrad, but his relations with his colleagues were constantly deteriorating due to his obnoxious character and his constant desire to expose and stigmatize someone.

Raikov was arrested, tried and exiled to the North, from where he was able to return only in 1945, after which he was elected a member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences.

Before teaming up with Lysenko, Present presented himself as an irreconcilable fighter for dialectical materialism, for Darwinism, even for correctly understood genetics. For example, in 1932 he spoke commendably about the work of the young geneticist N.P. Dubinin, who came to the attention of the Soviet press. Student A.S. Serebrovsky Dubinin carried out in 1929-1932, together with other employees of Serebrovsky’s laboratory, a series of interesting works on gene fragmentation (4_21), and Present decided to make capital by popularizing the achievements of the geneticist who was becoming fashionable.
Academician appointed by Stalin to VASKhNIL in 1935.

Present’s unpleasant character traits led to many conflicts, and after Raikov’s arrest, everyone around him began to fear and despise him at the same time, and, realizing that this could not end well, Present began to look for where he could go to work. He decided to join the rising star of Soviet science - Lysenko.

After Prezent and Lysenko traveled to Askania-Nova in the summer of 1933, the connection between them was restored (4_25), and Prezent instantly and abruptly changed the polarity of his statements, beginning to characterize the work of geneticists negatively. In 1956, Dubinin reminded Prezent about his “vacillations,” to which Prezent, in his characteristic manner, objected:

“But almost twenty-five years have passed since 1932, and during this time I, Nikolai Petrovich, have learned something and become at least a little wiser, which, unfortunately, cannot be said about “someone”” (4_26). Having decided to become Lysenko’s partner, Prezent, in his characteristic manner, immediately began to extol Lysenko in his speeches, mentioning inappropriately and inappropriately his “outstanding achievements” (4_27).

It is characteristic that in one of the reports of this time, Present showed that his views coincided with Lysenko’s on one more issue: he spoke out against the use of mathematics and against statistical and probabilistic approaches to assessing biological patterns. As we see, for Lysenko the alliance with Present was also useful, because, despite his superficiality, Isai Izrailevich was (or seemed to be) Lysenko a storehouse of knowledge in a variety of areas in which Lysenko was a complete layman. And, of course, Lysenko, although he was drawn to polemics, was inferior to Present in one respect: in the ability to cleverly juggle quotes from a variety of areas - from statements of the classics of Marxism-Leninism to excerpts from the books of Holy Scripture.

Small in stature, nimble, even fidgety, now waving his arms, now breaking into a dance, lighting up at the sight of any pretty girl, every minute ready to refute something with fervor or, on the contrary, to accept with no less fervor, the Present could not be better approached Lysenko and his equally drab, simple-minded entourage.

Having moved to Odessa, he assumed the title of professor, although just a few months earlier everyone knew him only as an arbitrary associate professor. He brought into Lysenko’s everyday life brightness, catchiness, rattling quotes from leaders, outright politicking, served under the sauce of an uncompromising (and perhaps reckless) concern for the purity of banners - qualities that were lacking in this company and which were so necessary for prosperity in those years.

He also did another very important thing for Lysenko. Claiming to be the founder of an entire doctrine, Lysenko somehow did not very skillfully shape both the baggage and surroundings of the “teaching.” He could not find an appropriate bright shell for the “teaching”; he was unable to properly formulate a thesis about what kind of teaching it was. And the clever Present succeeded in this in the best possible way. He already knew that there could be Marxist-Leninist philosophy, Darwinian biology, Stalin’s doctrine of the growth of class struggle as socialism flourished. There was something excessive, perhaps even dangerous, in the phrase “Lysenko biology.” It was necessary to find a different banner, with a different motto, and Prezent, who boasted of his acquaintance with Michurin (he even had a photograph in which he was captured together with Michurin), came up with the idea: the eclectic mishmash of Lysenko’s pseudo-innovations was given the name Michurin.

The present took the last exams for students at Leningrad University in the spring session of 1934 (among those who took the exams was Daniil Vladimirovich Lebedev, who in the future would become one of the most powerful fighters against Lysenkoism). In the summer, Present wandered between Leningrad and Odessa (at this time some of his printed works were published in Leningrad), and in the fall he finally moved from the banks of the Neva to the shores of the Black Sea. They lived with Lysenko in perfect harmony, experiencing mutual joy from chatting together and from the abundance of things to do.

In 1935, Prezent became co-editor of the journal "Vernalization", which replaced the "Bulletin of Vernalization".

Only one major trouble awaited him in 1937. Botanist P.A., who then came to Odessa to consult with Trofim Denisovich. Baranov (future corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and director named after Komarov) found Lysenko in a confusion of feelings. Trofim invited Baranov to his home, they drank heavily, and then Trofim began to roar, smearing drunken tears across his face and wailing: “What the poor thing am I supposed to do! They arrested Isaika! Isaiah needs to be helped out! What am I going to do without him?" (personal communication from D.V. Lebedev). They managed to rescue Isaika - the crime was not very terrible at that time: he was arrested for seducing a minor, and the case was somehow settled amicably, Trofim helped.

Links:
1. Oleg Gomaakov: A WORD ABOUT THE BIOFACULTY OF THE FIFties
2. Sabinin Dmitry Anatolyevich (1889-1951)
3.